What is Data Center Cooling? Data centers require a cool environment for the processor to function successfully, because excess heat can damage the systems and result in data loss or interrupted information flow. In data centers, cooling systems are used to prevent such damage and preserve the air temperature within acceptable limits. Data center cooling solution is used to maintain ideal environmental conditions for information technology equipment (ITE) operation. The technology eliminates ITE heat and transfers it to the heat sink. Thus, it can be inferred that data centers cannot function efficiently and can result in a system failure in the absence of an appropriate cooling system. Why do data centers need cooling? One of the most important and less understanding processes in the critical IT environment is data center heat removal. As the latest computer equipment is smaller and uses the same or more electricity than the replaced equipment, more heat is generated in data centers. Precision cooling and heat rejection systems are used for collecting and transporting this undesired heat energy into the outer atmosphere. 1. Increasing need for energy-efficient data center facilities The energy consumption in the ICT sector has increased exponentially in recent years. The data centers, recently experiencing unprecedented growth in size and population, form an integral part of today’s ICT. The Tech giants such as Google, IBM and Microsoft have large cloud and app hosting data centers. Several studies have been established for energy consumption of data centers, these studies emphasize upon the rising need for evolving strategies for energy efficiency. Heat generated from highly populated data centers requires huge cooling units to maintain the temperatures within the operational range. 2. Rising shift toward digital transformation through connected technology Lately, digital transformation has gathered a lot of attention. It not only includes deployment of new technologies, but also the alteration of business processes and models that can completely leverage such technologies. It helps organizations to obtain unmatched productivity levels, improve customer experience, influence innovation and enlighten competitive benefits. Digital transformation is altering the nature of the data center, and novel technologies are rapidly placing more demand on data centers and data center services. Types of Solutions · Air Conditioners In basic terms, air conditioning involves removing heat and humidity from the inside of an occupied area to improve the occupants comfort. In both domestic and commercial environments, air conditioning can be used. This process ensures a more comfortable interior environment for humans, however air conditioning is also used to cool/dehumidify roommates filled with electronic heat-producing devices such as computer servers, power amplifiers, and some sensitive products, like artifacts, even for display and storage. · Precision Air Conditioners Precision air conditioning is designed to manage sensitive heat (humidity without the emanation of a machine), while latent heat (humidity with the emanation of persons) is managed with comfort/standard air conditioners. Designed for many different applications, high-precision air conditioning including cooling of the data center, medium and low-density server environments, telecom switching systems, medical operating theaters, and a clean-room environment is essential. · Chillers Data centers constitute a mix of computing elements, networking infrastructure, storage systems along with power management and cooling capabilities all of which offer opportunities for improving energy efficiency and achieving more sustainable data centers. With air-cooled chillers, heat is removed from the returning chilled water is rejected to a device called an air-cooled condenser that is typically integrated with the chiller. This type of chiller is known as a packaged chiller and can also be integrated into a cooling facility module.

1. different basic concepts Ordinary air conditioners generally include household air conditioners, central air conditioners in residential areas, and air conditioning systems in offices and commercial office buildings. The function of this type of air conditioner is to create a good living environment for indoor air, provide people with a comfortable working and living environment, and make people in this space feel comfortable. The precision air conditioner is designed to meet the requirements of the special process and specific environment of the precision equipment. Its purpose is to precisely control its temperature, humidity, etc. and require it to be controlled within a certain range. It is also called constant temperature and humidity air conditioner, which is characterized by large air volume and heat load Variety. 2. Product focus Due to different design uses, the product focus will also be very different. Ordinary air conditioners are designed to "provide people with a comfortable working and living environment". Its applicable object is people, and its application scenarios are mainly in semi-open areas where people are active: such as living rooms, bedrooms, exhibition halls, offices, etc. Ordinary air conditioners do not have the function of "constant temperature and humidity", and the temperature difference range is 1 °C. Therefore, ordinary air conditioners pay more attention to the design of comfort, low noise, low air supply and low wind speed during use. Precision aircond are designed to "provide a specific operating environment with constant temperature and humidity for precision devices such as IT equipment". This is a high-precision air conditioner specially designed for computer rooms. In order to ensure good heat dissipation of computer or server chips, the application scenarios include computer rooms, laboratories, large medical equipment rooms and other high-precision fields. Its service object is related equipment that maintains the continuous operation of the computer room: such as IT equipment, power distribution system, power supply equipment, etc. The precision air conditioner has the function of "constant temperature and humidity", and the temperature difference range can be controlled at 0.1 degrees Celsius or even higher. Therefore, precision air conditioners pay more attention to the design of precise control of temperature and humidity in the equipment room and timely control of cleanliness. 3. Different control systems Ordinary air conditioners only have a basic control system. According to their own heating and cooling needs, people operate through the infrared remote control or the smart remote control downloaded from the mobile APP. The intelligence is relatively moderate; and cooling and dehumidification can only be performed at the same time. Direction local air circulation. Precision air conditioners have a high-precision, responsive, microprocessor-based intelligent control system that can quickly respond to changes in the external environment, thereby ensuring that environmental changes remain within the setting range required for a stable environment. For example, human-computer interaction interface, alarm protection, network monitoring and other functions. 4. Different degrees of air filtration Ordinary air conditioners use coarse filters, which cannot remove enough dust particles. The dust will adhere to the high-efficiency chips to a large extent, which will seriously affect the service life of related components and cannot meet the purification requirements of computers. Most common air conditioners use residential-type air filters with a filtration efficiency of only 10%. This is not enough for a data center environment. The precision air conditioner uses a high-efficiency filter, its efficiency can reach 20%~30%, and it meets the ASHRAE standard, which can filter out the dust in the air in a timely and efficient manner, which can effectively prevent the dust from adhering to the high-frequency chip and cause a short circuit due to carbonization. Improve the cleanliness, prolong the service life of related parts, and reduce operation and maintenance costs. 5. Different operating performance and cost Common air conditioners used in most office buildings run for an average of 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, while some commercial places, such as supermarkets and shopping malls, run an average of 12 hours a day, 7 days a week. Sometimes there are environmental changes or special needs that increase the runtime. For precision air conditioners, no matter what the external environment is, most data centers require uninterrupted operation 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. And those ordinary air conditioners with outdoor heat exchangers generally cannot operate when the external ambient temperature drops below 32°F because the pressure is too low. However, precision air conditioners operate normally at -30°F, while glycol refrigeration systems cool normally at -60°F. Although the initial investment of precision air conditioners is basically much higher than that of ordinary air conditioners. However, the annual operating cost of ordinary air conditioners is higher than that of precision air conditioners by $243/per ton of sensible cooling capacity. This is consistent with the principle generally recognized by the industry, that is, the refrigerating capacity of 3 ton of ordinary air conditioner is equivalent to 2 ton of refrigerating capacity of precision air conditioner. Therefore, for those small projects, in the case of sufficient funds, it is recommended to consider both the initial investment and operating costs; and for some large projects, it is still recommended to use precision air conditioners, which are designed for uninterrupted operation throughout the year. Intelligent control system, constant temperature and humidity functions, components and redundant functions, etc., will greatly improve the reliability of equipment operation, and will greatly reduce operation and maintenance costs in the later stage.

As we all know, the data center is an off-list "high energy" industry. In the more than ten years from the birth to the development of the data center industry, the total power consumption of China's data center industry has increased by more than 10% every year. Statistics show that in 2020, the total power consumption of data centers in China will reach 200 billion KWh, accounting for more than 2%. By 2025, the proportion is expected to double to 4.05%. And in the operating costs of the data center, the cost of electricity accounts for about 60%-70%of the total cost. Although modern data centers can reduce the PUE value through various energy -saving measures and improve the efficiency of electricity consumption, the cost of electricity consumption is still the big head of the overall cost. Energy storage research in data centers is one of the solutions proposed to reduce the cost of data centers. Of course, the data center energy storage system does not refer to the UPS battery room generally configured in the current data center. The current UPS battery room energy storage purpose is only to provide the data center for several minutes to tens of minutes for the buffer processing period for data centers. It does not support the long -term smooth operation of the data center, but also needs to be used with reserve diesel generator. The data center energy storage system needs to provide at least the energy supply of the data center. Its energy storage and power supply capacity are far beyond ordinary battery rooms. Generally speaking, the energy storage system will bring the following benefits to the data center:1. Balance and inhibit Peak Valley Electricity PriceIn order to balance electricity consumption at different times, many grids will provide different electricity prices of waves and valleys. The energy storage system can use its own capacity to store a large amount of electricity in the low price period of the valley, and use the function of the energy storage system to reduce the use of high -priced electricity during the peak of electricity consumption. Some energy storage systems can even supply power to the power grid to achieve the energy arbitrage of "low buying and selling".2. Green energy useFor wind, light, and water are not stable clean energy, the data center has always been far away. However, with the energy storage system, clean energy such as wind, light, and water can enter the energy storage system first, and finally output stable power to the data center. The data center of the energy storage system is generally paired with the construction of optical storage power generation facilities.3. Reduce the use of dieselIn the mainstream data center energy spare system, diesel generators are the most important equipment. Its "heavy" is not only important in status, but also a heavy cost. The construction cost of diesel generators and diesel storage facilities is on the one hand. Daily maintenance and start -up diesel consumption are even more staggering. The emergence of energy storage systems can reduce the dependence of data centers on diesel generators to a certain extent. Of course, in terms of objective perspective, the intervention of the energy storage system will also increase the use of clean energy and reduce carbon emissions of data centers.

While there are several different types of precision air conditioning or thermal management systems designed to meet the unique needs of each application, all systems generally work in the same way. The device uses one or more units installed in the IT space to provide the optimal air temperature for the IT equipment's inlet fans, whether around the room perimeter, in a row, or on a rack or ceiling (if floor space is at a premium) . These internal units use refrigeration or rely on cold water or glycol based coolants to cool the air. They use fans and airflow to direct cool air to the right spot. At the same time, the hot air produced by the equipment is collected and exhausted from the IT space. The cooling unit of the thermal management system removes heat in one of several ways: By directing it to the chilled water plant of the building. Chilled water cooling systems, such as the innovative Coolnet Cybermaster Series, are a good option for large data centers that can use chilled water equipment. For smaller spaces or high-rise buildings where air cannot be excluded, compact perimeter cooling solutions or even precision ceiling-mounted cooling systems such as the chilled water version with small footprint Coolnet Cool-smart efficiently captures and sends heat to a building's chilled water plant through a common plumbing loop. Say no to it by being outdoors. Air-cooled direct expansion systems pair an indoor computer room air conditioning (CRAC) unit with an outdoor heat rejection unit and use the outdoor ambient air to cool the refrigerant. These systems are very reliable because they do not rely on other building systems to cool the exhaust heat. However, each unit requires its own plumbing and outdoor cooling unit, which takes up valuable space. By rejecting it into a warm building water cycle. Water-cooled direct expansion systems, such as Coolnet Cybermaster DX Series connect multiple indoor CRAC units to a warm building water circuit, usually a cooling tower system, with the refrigerant cooled by process water. Small to medium rooms in facilities where building water systems exist are ideal for this solution. By connecting to an outdoor fluid cooler, such as a dry cooler. A glycol cooled direct expansion system connects multiple indoor CRAC units to a dry cooler circuit and a pumping system that circulates warm water glycol antifreeze to cool the refrigerant. Small to medium sized rooms can benefit from these types of systems, but must have enough roof space to accommodate the dry cooler and pump. Direct cooling of equipment by using specialized liquids. Liquid cooling is emerging as an alternative to IT thermal management. If you've ever burned your fingers badly, you know that air (i.e. blowing on your fingers) is usually not enough to relieve the burn. You need to move your fingers in cold water to relieve stress. Breakthrough liquid cooling systems use liquid instead of air to cool IT equipment for better results. Cold liquid is circulated to cold plate heat exchangers embedded in IT equipment. This provides extremely efficient cooling because the cooling medium goes directly to the IT equipment rather than cooling the entire space. However, it requires dedicated IT equipment with built-in liquid/fluid heat exchangers. Liquid cooling is most practical for high-density or high-performance computing applications where the heat is most intense.

Staff in data centers or computer rooms will encounter unexpected situations where precision air conditioners are not cooling. Through this article, we will briefly analyze the reasons why the precision air conditioner in the computer room does not cool. First, too little refrigerant or slight qualitative change. 1. Leakage occurs in the refrigeration pipeline and its components and the interfaces between them after long-term work. 2. The refrigerant flows in the pipeline, and there will definitely be a small amount of loss after the air conditioner works for a long time; with the passage of time, the refrigerant will also undergo slight qualitative changes. Second, the air filter is dirty. 1. The air filter should be replaced regularly according to the climate and environmental conditions of the region. If the air filter is too dirty, the return air will be blocked, and the heat exchange of the evaporator will not work properly. 2. In order to save costs, some companies clean the air filter with water. This operation will cause the filter to change from filament to sheet, and the return air resistance will increase. It will also make the air filter mesh larger, and the filtering effect is poor. A lot of dust will be directly adsorbed on the evaporator fins through the filter, which will seriously affect the working effect of the evaporator. Third, the pipeline insulation layer is damaged or the pipeline is too long. 1. The damage of the insulation layer of the pipeline makes the refrigeration pipeline directly contact with the air, and the heat exchange occurs on the pipeline in advance. 2. Too long pipeline will reduce the cooling effect. Fourth, the compressor problem. The compressor directly affects the cooling capacity, and the degree of damage to the compressor has different effects on the cooling capacity. Fifth, other reasons. 1. The condenser and evaporator are not clean. 2. The expansion valve fails. 3. The filter fails. 4. Refrigerant quality change. 5. The indoor fan speed is not enough. 6. There are too many heating equipment in the room, and the sealing of the machine room is not strict. 7. The quality of the precision air conditioner is unqualified. 8. Obstruction of the air supply duct. 9. The refrigeration pipeline is too dirty and blocked.

In some IT spaces, such as servers or technical rooms located in administrative buildings, facility managers often rely on the building's comfort cooling system to maintain the environment in the IT space. Granted, commercial air conditioning solutions can play a role in controlling temperature, humidity and air quality in these rooms. But these systems fall short in a number of ways, starting with comfort cooling of personnel spaces and precise cooling of IT spaces being designed for different purposes. Specifically, these professional cooling solutions are designed to do the following: Handle the unique concentrated heat load created by IT equipment. Today's complex IT equipment generates a lot of heat. When you consider the continued increase in industry average rack densities and the growth of smaller edge sites, it's clear that commercial building air conditioning systems cannot accommodate elevated central heat loads. Additionally, many spaces used for IT today were not originally designed to house critical equipment, creating less than ideal environmental conditions that can create additional cooling challenges that make comfort cooling solutions less efficient . On the other hand, data center-grade cooling solutions are designed to control heat in these spaces. These thermal management systems are designed to capture heat in small, dense spaces and remove it in one of several ways, depending on the type of system chosen. Operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, regardless of the outside temperature. Office buildings don't need air conditioning when it's cold outside. But the IT space remains the same. Just as grocery stores need specialized equipment to keep frozen peas frozen even when the outside temperature drops below zero, data centers and other IT spaces need a way to dissipate heat regardless of the outside temperature. But most comfort cooling systems are only designed to operate when the outside temperature is above 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Additionally, some commercial AC systems shut down after hours or on weekends, leaving always-on computer equipment unprotected, regardless of the outside temperature. Data center-grade cooling systems overcome these issues and are specifically designed to run all the time - even when the outside temperature plummets to 30 degrees Fahrenheit or 2 a.m. Sunday. This ensures that your device is always properly cooled. Use most of the power to control room temperature. With a typical building cooling system, cooling capacity is distributed to cool rooms and remove moisture (humidity) from the air to keep people comfortable during warmer times of the year. 40% of the total capacity of this system can be used to handle moisture. In this case, the sensible heat ratio is 0.60, which means that only 60% of the cooling capacity is earmarked for changing the temperature of the air. In the IT world, this amounts to a lot of waste. IT equipment tends to generate dry, intense heat, so it hardly needs as much capacity to achieve humidity. In fact, if a 100-kilowatt (kW) comfort cooling system is purchased to cool a 100-kW IT load, the solution may fail because the system's IT cooling capacity is only around 60 kW. Most precision cooling systems today are designed for a sensible heat ratio of at least 0.90. This is 90% of the cooling capacity dedicated to cooling IT equipment and the remaining 10% of the cooling capacity dedicated to removing moisture that could seep into the room from the outside. Many Vertiv™ thermal management systems offer a sensible heat ratio of 0.95.

Air conditioners can regulate temperature, humidity and air cleanliness, so air conditioners are used in many industries, but for some specific functions of the room can not do, need to install precision air conditioning, such as machine rooms, laboratories, instrument rooms, museum storage rooms and other places. Precision air conditioners are also known as constant temperature and humidity air conditioners, which can accurately control the humidity and temperature of the environment. Precision air conditioners are characterized by large air supply volume, small enthalpy difference, high sensible heat ratio and high air purification rate. The humidity change rate is less than 10% RH/h (when the humidity is set at 40%-60%) and the humidity can be accurate to ±3%, and the temperature change rate is less than 5℃/h (when the temperature is set at 15℃-30℃) and the temperature can be accurate to ±0.5℃. The design life of precision air conditioning can reach 10 years, continuous operation time up to 86,400 hours, the average failure-free rate reached 25,000 hours, the better maintenance of precision air conditioning can run about 15 years. The benefits of using precision air conditioning in the server room are mainly as follows. 1. High temperature constancy. The high-speed operation of the equipment in the server room will bring a large amount of heat, in order to maintain the normal operation of the equipment, it is necessary to control the equipment in the state of constant temperature environment. If the temperature of the room can not be constant, it is easy to cause the electronic components of the equipment to reduce the life, when there is a high ambient temperature brought about by the local overheating of the equipment, will cause the equipment to burn or downtime. 2. High humidity constancy. The humidity of the environment in the server room affects the service life of the equipment and brings safety hazards. If the humidity of the room is too high, the low-temperature environment will appear too much condensation, dripping on the equipment to cause burn or even fire; if the humidity of the room is too low, after the air becomes dry, it is easy to generate static electricity, which will also cause certain dangers. 3. High air cleanliness. There are many precision instruments and electrical components in the server room, fine dust can easily lead to short circuits. Precision air conditioning has a better ability to filter air impurities, the air sent into the room are clean, reducing dust scattered on the equipment components, triggering equipment short-circuit, overheating, and the phenomenon of data errors. 4. Air supply volume. Precision air conditioning equipment are relatively large, through a special air duct for air treatment after feeding, in the face of heat dissipation is relatively large electronic equipment without sufficient air volume is difficult to achieve uniform cooling of equipment, and precision air conditioning has more than ordinary air conditioning more than 1 times the volume of large air supply, can quickly pump away the heat in the room, to achieve the purpose of rapid cooling equipment. In short, ordinary air conditioning is facing the living environment of personnel, for the server room, heat dissipation is relatively large, the higher demand for air conditioning heat dissipation; cooling the continuous working time is relatively long, almost all 24 hours in a row; the temperature should be controlled between 22 ℃ -24 ℃; the humidity should be controlled between 50% ± 5%; the cleanliness should be controlled in ASHRAE 20% +, the more accurate the control is the better The more precise the control is, the better the control is; to cope with the outdoor ambient temperature is also stronger, can withstand -35 ℃ to -42 ℃ environment, for the above conditions precision air conditioning can do, ordinary air conditioning can not meet. Precision air conditioning to ensure constant temperature, constant humidity, constant cleanliness and long life of the server room.

Will the zero line of the air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment in the server room be charged? Under normal circumstances, there should not be electricity on the zero line. Therefore, once there is electricity, it is certainly the performance of the fault; the simplest is electromagnetic induction, and this time the zero line is not well grounded, failing to form a circuit. Meanwhile, the leakage of power equipment or phase line touch shell, but the current is not considered large, so it has not tripped. In the three-phase four-wire power supply system, if the zero line is not well grounded or grounding end broken, the consequence is that the potential of the zero line is not equal to 0 when the three-phase load is unbalanced, which means that the neutral point is shifted. Here are the causes and solutions of machine room air conditioning common zero line charged. A. There is leakage of electrical equipment on the line, and the protection device at the end of the action, so that the zero line with electricity. (Solution: power outage for maintenance, to find the leaky equipment to repair, and find the cause of the end of the action of the protection device.) B. There is a phase on the line ground, the total protection device in the grid at the end of the protection, so that the zero line charged. （Solution: After a power outage, first use a shaking table to measure the line to see if the line is poorly insulated, measurement should pay attention to the instrumentation in the line to disconnect.） C. Room air conditioning zero line break, there is leakage in the electrical equipment behind the break or a large single-phase load operation, so that the zero line charged. （Solution: test the zero line is broken after the power failure, broken to find and repair.） D. In the zero grid, there are individual electrical equipment to take protection grounding and leakage, so that the zero line with electricity. （Solution: distinguish between the system is a zero system or grounding system, or zero system for repeated grounding. Then the correct installation of the ground.） E. In the zero grid, there is a single-phase electrical equipment using "a fire a ground" that is no work zero line, so that the zero line with electricity. （Solution: Install the N line, not PE line as N line.） F. In the grid there are electrical equipment insulation resistance, has been damaged and leakage, so that the zero line is charged. （Solution: Check out the insulation resistance does not meet the requirements of the equipment, to repair.） G. Room air conditioning in the transformer low-voltage side of the working ground connection poor contact, there is a large resistance in the three-phase load unbalance current exceeds the allowable range, so that the zero line charged. （Solution: poor contact is not good to find, to be serviced annually or according to the prescribed time, can not be lazy, to be serviced according to the regulations.） H. High-voltage flee into low-voltage, so that the zero line charged. (Solution: bad to find, and sometimes a big problem. One of the most difficult to deal with, there is a danger to people. Be sure to follow the operating procedures to operate.)

A data center server room has a high voltage alarm, check the machine alarm logs in a total of three categories: First, low supply voltage does not start. Low power supply voltage does not start is often due to voltage reduction or phase failure, low supply voltage, resulting in 24v transformer output voltage is insufficient; condenser 24v AC contactor can not work. The specific need to use a multimeter to test to determine. If necessary, equip with grid regulator. Compressor failure alarm is one of the most common alarms in the server room precision air conditioning, in the refrigeration system, the high voltage controller is set at 350psig, the machine is running, when the high voltage value reaches this limit, the high voltage alarm is generated. To make the compressor start again, it must be manually reset; however, before pressing the reset button, the cause of the high pressure must be identified in order to make the machine run normally. Second, the compressor high pressure alarm. For refrigeration systems, it is recommended to clean the surface of the condenser dust and dirt, but care should be taken not to damage the copper tubes and fins. If the alarm still appears after maintenance, the alarm can be eliminated by performing maintenance in the system menu, maintenance cycle. Third, the humidifier refrigeration system needs maintenance. It is usually caused by an obstacle in the refrigeration cycle, such as too high Freon pressure, too low pressure or the resulting overheating of the press and other reasons. The specific need to use the pressure gauge to test to determine. For the humidifier and refrigeration system requires maintenance of the alarm processing, humidifier normal operation process, mineral particles and other deposits will gather on the humidifier pan. These deposits must be regularly maintained and removed to ensure efficient operation of the humidifier. As water sources around the world have different characteristics, so the time of cleaning gradually should be decided by each place itself. It is recommended that monthly maintenance checks be performed on precision air conditioners in data center rooms (if necessary, they should be cleaned monthly). By draining the pan (removing the vertical pipe), disconnecting the drainage pipe coupling and removing the set screws at both ends of the pan, the deposits on the pan of the humidifier can be easily removed.

With the development of digital economy, the scale of data center industry has further expanded and energy consumption has increased rapidly. In order to deal with the relationship between development and energy saving and ensure the realization of the "double carbon" target, data centers are constantly exploring the potential of energy saving and emission reduction in terms of construction mode, technology, standard and renewable energy utilization. The planning and design, as the beginning of data center construction, is an essential part of promoting energy saving and emission reduction in data centers. The carbon emissions of data centers are mainly due to the consumption of electrical energy, and the total electricity consumption of China's data centers reached 200 billion KWh in 2020, accounting for more than 2.7% already. It is expected that the proportion will double to 4.05% by 2025. In this case, to reduce carbon emissions, it is necessary to further increase the proportion of new energy use. The data center has made various attempts in planning and design, and there are innovative practices, such as the application of "source-net-load storage", which can reasonably plan energy storage through the synergy between the supply side and the use side; for example, the CenturyLink Foshan data center energy storage pilot project is the first time in China to successfully apply new large-scale energy storage technology to a large data center. For example, the CenturyLink Foshan data center energy storage pilot project is the first time in China to successfully apply new large-scale energy storage technology to a large data center. Data center energy storage systems show a good development trend, however, it should also be noted that there are still numerous difficulties in the development of energy storage systems. Therefore, the problem needs to be solved by considering the following points： First, the combination of planning, design and technology promotes the reduction of energy consumption of the cooling system. Data centers generate a lot of heat during operation, and in order to ensure the normal operation of cabinets, cooling and heat dissipation are required, and a significant portion of data center energy consumption is used for this purpose. Through planning and design, choosing a reasonable refrigeration system is an effective means to reduce energy consumption and PUE, and the influencing factors include site selection, building scale and mode, technology maturity, etc. Second, strengthen planning and renovation to promote energy saving in built data centers.In order to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in data centers, the state and many localities have set goals such as energy efficiency development. For example, the "Implementation Plan for the Coordinated Development of Data Centers in Beijing (2021-2023)" issued by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology proposes that, according to the general idea of "four batches", by closing a batch of functionally outdated data centers, integrating a batch of scattered data centers, transforming a batch of high-consumption and inefficient data centers, building a batch of new The goal is to build the world's leading high-end data center development cluster with intensification, greening and intelligence. In order to further realize energy saving and carbon reduction, data centers must take relevant factors into consideration in planning and design, including energy storage and cooling. With the maturity of technology and the improvement of related solutions, data centers will further promote energy saving and emission reduction through planning and design.

What is a Data Center Rating? The data center rating system was designed by the Uptime Institute to classify data centers based on several criteria primarily related to uptime, fault tolerance, and availability. The rating system is designed to allow each company to independently understand how a particular data center will perform according to its needs and what can be expected from that data center. Uptime Institute divides the core standards into one to five levels. This global standard allows organizations to compare any two data centers around the world. The final certification highlights the design, structure and operation of the data center. What is a Tier 1 data center? A Tier 1 data center is the most basic type of data center. Tier 1 data centers have dedicated IT service space and equipment located outside the office, uninterrupted power supply, backup power usually provided by internal generators, and computing equipment cooling equipment. Tier 1 data centers also have systems, protocols, and equipment in place to ensure they can remain up and running during normal business hours (such as nights and weekends). What is a Tier 2 data center? Tier 2 data centers have redundant components that provide additional capacity over Tier 1 data centers. These components include diesel generators to provide backup power, pumps or chillers for more reliable additional equipment cooling, and specialized UPS modules to provide reliable power that eliminates voltage dips and spikes. What is a Tier 3 data center? Tier 3 data centers have systems, protocols, and equipment in addition to Tier 2 data centers, allowing personnel to perform upgrades, repairs, and/or changes without shutting down any equipment. Since everything is available simultaneously, teams can make any changes as needed without disrupting service to customers/end users. What is a Tier 4 data center? Tier 4 data centers are equipped with fault tolerance mechanisms on the basis of Tier 3 data centers. The idea is that data centers can stop and prevent certain problems from happening in the first place. The goal of a Tier 4 data center is to provide continuous support and service under any circumstances, and it is the highest level that the Uptime Institute classifies a data center. What is a Tier 5 data center? Tier 5 certification means the data center has met the highest standards for uptime and resiliency in the market today. Level 5 certification was originally developed by colocation and cloud services provider Switch in 2017, and is technically distinct from the four core levels proposed by the Uptime Institute. What is the highest level? According to the Uptime Institute, no level is "better" than another. They believe that businesses should choose a data center that meets their specific needs regarding cost, availability, and more. What is Uptime Institute? Uptime Institute bills itself as an independent advisory body that provides third-party guidance and oversight to the data center industry. Its core mission includes supervising data centers and issuing certificates to give end users of data centers a reason to decide which data center to use. Like 451 Research, Uptime Institute is also a division of The 451 Group.

When selecting a precision air conditioner for your data center, there are several important factors to consider. Here are some key points to pay attention to: Cooling Ability: Make sure the precision air conditioner's cooling ability matches the needs of your data center. Consider things like the size of the space, server density, and heat load made by the equipment. Redundancy and Scalability: Look for precision air conditioning systems that offer redundancy choices and scalability. Redundancy ensures unbroken cooling in the event of a unit failure, while scalability allows you to expand the cooling ability as your data center grows. Energy Efficiency: Energy efficiency is essential for cutting operating costs and reducing environmental impact. Look for precision air conditioners with high energy efficiency ratings and features such as variable speed compressors and economizer modes. Temperature and Humidity Control: Data centers require precise temperature and humidity control. Ensure that the precision air conditioner offers accurate and adjustable temperature and humidity settings to maintain optimal conditions for your equipment. Airflow Management: Effective airflow management is vital for efficient cooling. Consider precision air conditioners that offer features like adjustable vents, hot aisle/cold aisle containment, and smart airflow optimization. Monitoring and Control: Look for precision air conditioning systems that provide advanced monitoring and control abilities. Features like remote monitoring, alerts, and integration with building management systems allow for proactive management and prompt response to any issues. Service and Support: Consider the reputation of the manufacturer or supplier regarding service and support. Ensure they offer reliable maintenance, warranty coverage, and responsive technical support. Noise Levels: Assess the noise levels made by the precision air conditioner. Excessive noise can be disruptive in a data center environment, so choose models with low noise output. Cost and Budget: Consider the initial cost, installation expenses, and long-term operating costs when choosing a precision air conditioner. Balance the features, performance, and cost-effectiveness to find the right solution within your budget. Compatibility and Integration: Ensure that the precision air conditioner is compatible with your existing infrastructure, including electrical requirements, control systems, and building automation integration. By considering these factors, you can make an informed decision and choose a precision air conditioner that meets the specific needs of your data center.